A Comprehensive Guide to the Adoption Process in Singapore

Introduction

When it comes to adoption in Singapore, IRB Law is a trusted and reputable law firm that aids individuals in the adoption process. With a team of experienced adoption lawyers, we provide expert guidance, support, and advice. Our firm is recognized for its professionalism and commitment to client satisfaction. We offer fixed and transparent fees, and provide a free initial consultation to ensure clarity— even at initial stages.

Understanding Adoption

Overall, adoption involves the legal transfer of parental rights and responsibilities from biological parents to adoptive parents. According to the Adoption of Children Act (ACA), when a court passes an adoption order, the child’s legal ties with the biological parents are severed, transferring all rights, duties, obligations, and liabilities the adoptive parents.

Eligibility Requirements:

To initiate the adoption process, individuals involved must meet certain eligibility criteria, including:

The child must be below 21 years old and single.

The applicant must be at least 25 years old.

The applicant must be at least 21 years, but not more than 50 years older than the child.

Exceptions can be made if the child and applicant are blood relatives or if married parties are at least 25 years old and seeking to jointly adopt a child who is less than 21 years younger than them.

Consent from Relevant Parties

Obtaining consent from relevant parties is crucial in the adoption process. These parties may include the child’s parents, grandparents, guardian, custodian, the party responsible for the child’s financial support, and the applicant’s spouse (if applicable). Specific details about consent from the aforementioned parties are provided below:

According to the ACA, consent from the child’s biological parents is of utmost importance, generally serving as the primary requirement for adoption. It is essential to obtain their consent unless their parental rights have been terminated by a court order or other legal means.

In situations where the child’s parents are below 21 years old, the consent of the child’s grandparents may also be required. This provision ensures that the child’s extended family is involved in the decision-making process and promotes a comprehensive assessment of the child’s welfare.

Additionally, if custody has been granted to a non-parent, such as a guardian or custodian, their consent is necessary to proceed with the adoption. This requirement acknowledges the custodian’s role in the child’s upbringing and ensures their participation in the adoption process.

Moreover, the consent of the party responsible for the child’s financial support is vital. This party may include the child’s biological parents, a legal guardian, or an individual who has been providing financial assistance to the child. Their consent ensures that the child’s financial needs and welfare are adequately considered during the adoption proceedings.

Furthermore, if the applicant is married, the consent of their spouse is generally required. This requirement aims to involve both spouses in the adoption decision, acknowledging the shared responsibility and commitment to raising the child within a stable family environment.

It is crucial to note that the requirements in each adoption vary depending on circumstances of the case. The ACA provides guidelines on the consent process, which is carefully evaluated by the relevant authorities, such as the Family Court or the Adoption Board, to ensure that the interests of the child are prioritized and protected.

Types of Adoption Orders

There are three types of adoption orders; Adoption orders can be unconditional, conditional, or interim.

Unconditional adoption orders are the most common type granted by the court. The order effectively terminates the parental rights of the child’s biological parents and establishes a new parent-child relationship between the adoptive parents and the child. An unconditional order grants the adoptive parents full legal authority and responsibility for the child’s upbringing, welfare, and decision-making.

Conditional adoption orders may be issued with specific conditions set by the court. These conditions are imposed when the court deems it necessary to address unique circumstances or concerns surrounding the adoption. The court may attach conditions related to the child’s upbringing, education, religion, or any other relevant factors. Compliance with these conditions is essential to ensure the ongoing validity of the adoption order.

In certain cases, the Family Court may grant an interim adoption, which places the applicant on probation, providing specific directions regarding the child’s upbringing during the probationary period. This type of order is typically issued when the court requires more time to gather information, assess the suitability of the adoption arrangement, or evaluate the progress of the adoption process. During the interim period, the court may direct the applicant to undergo evaluations, assessments, or fulfill certain requirements outlined by the court to determine their suitability as adoptive parents. The court may also provide instructions regarding the child’s care, welfare, or any other relevant matters. After the interim period, the court reviews the situation and decides whether to issue a final unconditional or conditional adoption order.

Adoption of Stepchildren

Singapore also provides guidelines for adoption of a stepchild. Singapore citizens seeking to do so can apply to waive the Home Study Report (HSR). However, this does not apply to foreigners adopting stepchildren. Furthermore, if the stepchild is not a Singapore citizen, the adoption process follows that of adopting a foreign child.

Residency Requirements:

To be considered for adoption under the Singapore law, the child being adopted must be a resident of Singapore. This includes Singapore citizens, Singapore permanent residents, or Dependant’s Pass holders. A child residing in Singapore on a visit pass, student’s pass, or special pass is not considered a resident.

The Adoption Process

The adoption process begins with attending a compulsory Pre-Adoption Briefing (PAB) to learn about adoption procedures and parenting responsibilities. After identifying the child for adoption and obtaining consent from necessary parties, the applicant must gather official documentation and prepare an itemized list of adoption-related expenses.

Submitting an adoption application to the Family Court, either in-person or through a lawyer, leads to further steps, such as filing a request at the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) with specific documents. If the application is successful, a Guardian-In-Adoption (GIA) is appointed to safeguard the child’s interests, and an investigation by the MSF follows. A hearing at the Family Court determines if the adoption order is granted.

Case Analysis: A Deep Delve into WKT v WKV [2023] SGFC 6

Summary of the case:

The case of WKT and another v WKV [2023] SGFC 6, heard in the Family Court, Singapore, involved a dispute over the adoption of a child by foster parents, with the biological father contesting the proceedings. The court had to consider the paramount welfare of the child versus the biological father’s desire for potential reunification with his daughter, with whom he previously had limited contact. The Director-General of Social Welfare was appointed as the Guardian in Adoption (GIA) to conduct investigations, which concluded that the adoption would be in the child’s best interest. The court, after hearing arguments from both parties, allowed the adoption. Discontent with the decision, the natural father appealed.

The Applicants in this case were a married Singaporean couple, who had been foster parents to the child since her birth. The child’s natural parents, who were incarcerated, had consented to the child being placed in foster care. The natural mother later consented to the adoption, but the natural father, who had limited contact with the child, objected. The court proceedings involved several hearings and adjournments as the natural father sought legal aid and new legal representation.

After considering the evidence, written submissions, and oral arguments, the court dispensed with the natural father’s consent and granted the adoption to the foster parents. The court’s decision was based on the welfare of the child, considering the child’s bond with the foster parents and the limited contact with the natural father. The natural father, dissatisfied with the decision, filed an appeal. The court outlined the grounds for its decision and reiterated the importance of considering the welfare of the child as the paramount factor in adoption cases.

Please note that this summary provides an overview of the case and should not be considered legal advice. For a complete understanding of the case and its implications, refer to the full judgment and consult with legal professionals.

Issues considered in this case:

Issue 1: The Law regarding whether the Court should dispense with the Natural Father’s Consent

The court analysed the requirements under section 4(4) of the Adoption of Children Act 1939 to determine whether the natural father’s consent should be dispensed with. Section 4(4)(a) relates to abandonment, neglect, or persistent ill-treatment, which did not apply in this case as there were no allegations of such conduct. Section 4(4)(b) refers to physical or mental incapacity, which also did not apply as the natural father’s incarceration did not constitute incapacity. Therefore, the court focused on section 4(4)(c), which allows the court to dispense with consent based on the circumstances of the case. The court referred to previous cases, such as Re BJU and Re B, which provided guidance on when consent can be dispensed with. These cases considered factors such as the child’s well-being, attachment to the foster parents, and the natural parent’s ability to provide care and stability.

Issue 2: Whether granting or dismissing the Adoption would be in the best welfare of the Child

In this case, the court considered the child’s well-being and relationship with the foster parents. The child, who was 8 years old at the time of the hearing, was described as shy but well-adjusted. She had a close and loving relationship with the foster parents and expressed a desire to stay with them permanently. The child had also formed strong bonds with her younger foster siblings. The court noted that the child had special needs, showing improvement under the care, support, and treatment provided the foster parents. The court evaluated the background of the natural parents, who had a history of drug addiction and incarceration. Furthermore, though there were no allegations of persistent ill-treatment or neglect, the natural father had limited contact with the child.

Based on these considerations, the court found that granting the adoption would best protect the child’s welfare. The child had formed strong bonds with the foster parents, who provided a stable and loving environment. Reunification with the natural father would disrupt the child’s sense of security and potentially expose her to instability and risk. The court emphasized the importance of prioritizing the child’s best interest in adoption proceedings.

Please note that this summary provides an overview of the court’s analysis of the issues and should not be considered legal advice. For a comprehensive understanding, it is advisable to consult the full judgment and seek professional legal assistance.

Conclusion:

The child’s biological mother had a history of substance dependence and mental health issues, including diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Since 2015, she had been in and out of prison, opting not to initiate any contact with the child after her release. As previously mentioned, the biological also had a history of incarceration for drug-related offenses and had limited contact with the child through supervised visitation. He expressed his concerns about the adoption but acknowledged that the applicants had provided good care for the child. The court considered the suitability of the applicants for long-term care and found that they had been providing stable and loving care. The court also assessed the Natural Father’s ability to care for the child and found that his history of drug addiction and relapse, as well as his limited contact and commitment to access sessions, raised concerns about his ability to provide a stable environment for the child. The court determined that the child’s welfare was of paramount importance and that granting the adoption would provide stability and predictability for the child’s future. On these grounds, the court dispensed with the Natural Father’s consent and granted the adoption.

Glossary of Terms in Adoption in Singapore:

Adoption Suitability Assessment (ASA): A comprehensive assessment conducted by authorized adoption agencies to evaluate the suitability and readiness of prospective adoptive parents to adopt a child.
Authorised Adoption Agencies (AAA): Organizations recognized and authorized by the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) to facilitate and oversee adoption processes in Singapore.
Birth/Natural Parents: The biological parents of the child who is being considered for adoption.
Disclosure Briefing: A mandatory briefing attended by prospective adoptive parents that provides guidance on issues related to disclosing a child’s adoption status and discussing their birth circumstances.
Guardian-In-Adoption (GIA): A public officer appointed by the Minister for Social and Family Development to safeguard the interests of the child during the adoption process.
Joint Adoption: Adoption carried out by a married couple together, where both spouses participate as joint applicants.
Pre-Adoption Briefing (PAB): A compulsory briefing session attended by prospective adoptive parents to provide information and guidance on the adoption process and the responsibilities of adoptive parents.
Prospective Adoptive Parents: Individuals or couples who are considering adopting a child and have initiated the adoption process.
Relevant Person: Refers to someone who is a parent, guardian, custodian, or financially responsible for the child.
State’s Care: Refers to children who are under the care and custody of the state, usually in a children’s home or with foster parents.
Surrogacy: The arrangement in which a woman carries a pregnancy and gives birth to a child on behalf of another individual or couple, who become the intended parents of the child.
Unconditional Adoption Order: An adoption order granted by the court without any additional conditions or requirements.
Interim Adoption Order: An adoption order issued by the court on a provisional basis, typically subject to certain conditions or further assessments.
Placement: The act of placing a child with prospective adoptive parents for the purpose of adoption.
Consent: The agreement or permission given by relevant persons, such as birth parents or guardians, for the adoption of a child.
Birth Certificate: A legal document that records the birth of a child and includes important information such as the child’s name, date of birth, and parentage.
Adoption Order: A court order that legally establishes the adoptive parents as the child’s legal parents and severs the child’s legal ties with the biological parents.
Adoption-related Service: Services provided in tandem with the adoption process, including counselling, assessments, and support services for adoptive parents and birth parents.
Adoption Agency: An organization or entity involved in facilitating adoptions, providing services such as matching adoptive parents with children, conducting assessments, and facilitating the legal process.
Child Trafficking: The illegal act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, harbouring, or receiving a child for the purpose of exploitation, including adoption-related activities that involve the illegal movement or sale of children.

Please note that this glossary provides general definitions of terms related to adoption in Singapore. It is important to refer to the specific provisions of the Adoption of Children Act and consult with legal professionals or authorized adoption agencies for accurate and detailed information related to adoption in Singapore.

Details of the ACA and Relevant Legislation:

In Singapore, the Adoption of Children Act 2022 (ACA 2022), which will take effect in 2023, is a significant legal framework governing adoption. It replaces the previous Adoption of Children Act 1939, with the aim of prioritizing the best interests and welfare of children, ensuring a fair and balanced approach to adoption, and establishing a robust regulatory system for the adoption process.

Under the ACA 2022, several key changes have been introduced to enhance the adoption process and ensure the suitability of adoptive parents. Let’s delve deeper into these changes:

Eligibility to Make an Adoption Application: To make an adoption application, the applicant(s) must be habitually resident in Singapore. For joint applicants, at least one of the applicants must be a Singapore Citizen, or both applicants must be Permanent Residents. However, sole applicants must be either Singapore Citizens or Permanent Residents. Persons convicted of serious crimes are prohibited from adopting to prioritize the safety and well-being of the child.

Guardian-in-Adoption (GIA): Previously, applicants needed to make a separate application for the consent of the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF) to act as the Guardian-In-Adoption (GIA). However, under the ACA 2022, a public officer appointed by the Minister will automatically assume the role of the GIA. This change streamlines the process and ensures consistency in safeguarding the child’s interests.

Pre-adoption Requirements: The ACA 2022 introduces specific requirements that applicants must fulfil before filing an adoption application, which includes attending a compulsory Pre-Adoption Briefing (PAB). PABs provide essential information about the adoption process and the responsibilities of adoptive parents. Additionally, applicants must attend a briefing on the disclosure of adoptive status conducted by Authorized Adoption Agencies (AAA). It is also critical that applicants obtain a valid and favourable Adoption Suitability Assessment (ASA) from an AAA. The ASA assesses the applicants’ suitability to adopt a child and ensures they are prepared for the responsibilities of parenthood. It is necessary to have attended the PAB and resided in Singapore for one continuous year before applying for an ASA.

Consent of Relevant Persons: The ACA 2022 emphasizes the importance of obtaining valid consent from relevant persons involved in the adoption process. Relevant persons include parents, guardians, custodians, and those responsible for the child’s financial support. Consent must be obtained in the prescribed form and witnessed by two individuals who are at least 21 years old. This requirement ensures the transparency and legality of the adoption process, maintaining the best interests of the child.

Additionally, the ACA 2022 addresses various offenses related to adoption. For example, it strictly regulates the publication or broadcast of information/pictures that may identify a child undergoing adoption. Exceptions to this rule are allowed only with the child’s consent, when the adoption is successful, or with the relevant person’s approval. Prohibitions against improper payments, rewards, or inducements for adoption purposes are also established to maintain the integrity and fairness of the adoption process.

Furthermore, the ACA 2022 empowers Authorized Adoption Agencies (AAAs) and the GIA to direct assessments, request further information, and order mediation or counselling if necessary. This enables a comprehensive evaluation of the adoptive applicants, ensuring their suitability to provide a safe and nurturing environment for the child.

It is important to note that the ACA 2022 introduces stringent measures to prevent non-compliance. Failure to fulfil obligations, such as reporting offenses, complying with court orders, or providing false information, may result in penalties or legal consequences.

The ACA 2022 represents a significant step towards enhancing the adoption process in Singapore. By prioritizing the child’s welfare, establishing clear eligibility criteria, and enforcing strict guidelines, the legislation aims to facilitate the placement of children in loving and supportive homes while safeguarding their rights and interests.

Please note that this summary is for informational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice. For detailed guidance and specific adoption-related matters, it is recommended to consult IRB Law Adoption Lawyers or seek other professional legal assistance.

Case Examples: Adoption Success Stories

Please note that these are real cases handled by IRB adoption lawyers. However, the names and identification details of clients have been altered to protect confidentiality.

Case 1: Smith Family Adoption

In the case of the Smith family, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, both Singapore citizens, desired to adopt a child below the age of 5. They met the eligibility requirements and obtained consent from the child’s biological parents. With the assistance of IRB Law Adoption Lawyers, they successfully submitted their adoption application and attended the Pre-Adoption Briefing. The Guardian-In-Adoption was appointed, and the MSF conducted an investigation. Eventually, the Family Court granted an adoption order, and the Smiths became the proud parents of their adopted child.

Case 2: Lim Family Adoption

The Lim family consisted of Mr. Lim, a Singapore citizen, and his wife, Mrs. Lim, a Singapore permanent resident. They sought to adopt their stepchild, who was a Singapore citizen. IRB Law adoption lawyers assisted them in navigating the adoption process and obtaining the necessary waivers for the Home Study Report. The family complied with all requirements, including obtaining consent from relevant parties. Following a successful hearing at the Family Court, the adoption order was granted, and the Lims embraced their new family dynamic.

Conclusion:

Adopting a child is a life-changing process, and understanding the legal requirements and procedures is essential. IRB Law adoption lawyers are dedicated to guiding you through the adoption process with expertise and transparency. Our legal counsel will provide the constructive support and advice necessary for success at each stage of the adoption process. For further assistance, please reach out to us for a consultation.

Author: Mohamed Baiross/IRB LAW LLP

Google Rating

4.8

Based on 876 Reviews

Rating

4.8

Based on 876 Reviews

Monika Sehgal

10th November 2025

To the team at IRB Law, and especially to Kulvinder Kaur, Partner IRB Law LLP I am writing this note to express my deepest and most sincere gratitude for the outstanding legal support and personal guidance I received during one of the most challenging periods of my life. When I was feeling lost and vulnerable navigating my divorce and PPO case, I am so glad I found your firm. From the very beginning, Kulvin, your professionalism and compassion stood out. The free initial consultation you provided was a testament to your commitment to helping people, and after meeting several other senior lawyers, I knew that choosing you was the right decision. I am so happy I trusted my instincts. Kulvin, you are a truly exceptional lawyer. As a senior lawyer, your experience was evident in every step you took. You didn't just represent me; you guided me. You were there for me throughout the entire process, patiently explaining what to expect and meticulously preparing me for every hearing. Your guidance gave me the strength and confidence I needed to keep going. I honestly believe that if you had not been by my side, I would not have been able to achieve such a successful outcome in both my divorce and PPO case. Your expertise was the key to winning, but it was your support that kept me standing. I cannot thank you enough. I highly recommend Kulvin and IRB Law to anyone who finds themselves in a similar difficult situation and needs someone to not only represent them with excellence but also to guide and support them with genuine care. Thank you for everything. With deepest appreciation, Kind Regards Monika Bakshi

rose rose

7th November 2025

I recently had the privilege of working with the team at I.R.B law LLP, led by Mr. Dzuleghmal, Mr. Aidil, and Ms. Sharmeela, in my divorce case. From the outset, they demonstrated exceptional professionalism, empathy, and expertise. Their guidance and support were invaluable throughout the entire process. Mr. Dzuleghmal and Mr. Aidil's strategic approach and negotiation skills helped resolve my case efficiently. Ms. Sharmeela's attention to detail and thoroughness ensured that all aspects were covered. Special thanks to Mr. Rano, Legal Manager, for his oversight, and Mr. Ghazi, Senior Legal Executive, for his expertise. The paralegal team, including Ms. Fatin, Ms. Syarah, Mr. Patrick, Mr. Tuan, and Ms. Hafizah, were efficient and responsive. Their collective efforts made a challenging process much more manageable. I highly recommend I.R.B law LLP for their exceptional service and expertise.

Chuppi Estefan (Chuppi)

6th November 2025

I can’t thank Mr Dzuleqhmal, Mr Aidil and their team enough for helping me through my child maintenance case. They were kind, understanding, and always made me feel supported. Their advice was clear and practical, and they genuinely cared about achieving the best result for my family. I’d highly recommend them to anyone going through a similar situation.

Ramez

3rd November 2025

I had contacted IRB Law Mountbatten for Grant of Probate application. Mr Andrew Wong was assigned to me. All matters were clearly explained to me. I was able to make appointments convenient to me. The whole process was quick and smooth. Mr Andrew Wong and his team conducted themselves professionally. I would certainly engage their services again should the need arise.

Sofiah Saiyadi

2nd November 2025

I had a smooth and pleasant experience with I.R.B. Law LLP. The team was professional, efficient, and made the entire process easy to understand. Communication was clear throughout, and I felt well-supported from start to finish. Would definitely recommend their services.

Zareen Ariffin

1st November 2025

We approached IRB to help us draw up a Syariah-compliant will. The experience was pleasant. Legal Manager Mr Ghazi put us at ease right from the start. He patiently explained the options that suited our objectives- hibbah nuzriah and ruqbah. Paralegal Syarah guided us on the finer points of the document. Finally, lawyers Mr Aidil and Mr Rano kindly came over to the house to explain the documents in detail. They also hand-delivered the final documents. A nice touch to help my elderly folks. Thanks to the IRB team!

Sara Ismail

30th October 2025

I can’t thank Mr Ghazi, Mr Aidil, Mr Dzul and Ms Fatin enough for being with me since day one of my divorce. I was completely lost and didn’t know my rights, but he was so patient and guided me through everything sometimes it was during past his working schedules. He always kept me updated and made sure I understood every step of the process. Communication was smooth, and he always knew exactly what I wanted. Honestly, he was more than just my lawyer, he felt like a friend and a brother who truly cared. I highly recommend Mr Gazi and his team to anyone who needs legal guidance or support during a divorce. Thank you so much for making everything so smooth and stress-free! I sincerely really appreciate for everything

Liyah Bakar

30th October 2025

I'm truly greatful to Mr Dzuleqhmal and his team for their professionalism , patience and support throughout my divorce proceedings. They guided me with clarity and compassion, ensuring I understood every step of the process. What I appreciated most was their calm and reassuring approach during such an emotionally difficult time. I felt genuinely supported and well-represented. Highly recommended for anyone seeking a lawyer who is both dedicated and understanding. Thank you once again to the Mr Dzul and team (Mr Aidil, Ms Sharmeela, Mr Rano,Mr Fadil, Mr Ghazi, Ms Fatin, Ms Syarah, Mr Patrick, Ms Hafizah)

James Yeoh

30th October 2025

My sincere thanks to Mr Baiross for genuinely listening to my issue and willing to provide honest feedback and clarification

Jen Wong

27th October 2025

我由衷感谢IRB律师事务所提供超专业超优质的法律服务，尤其是Pang Khin Wee律师和Taffy Goh律师团队。他们的专业精神和细致入微耐心地解释复杂的问题，并在审判为我们辩护争取最大的权益，赢了官司。我必须要特别强调，IRB是我咨询过新加坡律师事务所中，收费最佛系最公道与提供最优质的服务和咨询👍👍👍感恩让我们遇见这么好的团队🙇‍♀️🙏 I sincerely thank IRB Law Firm for their exceptionally professional and high-quality legal services, especially the team of attorneys Pang Khin Wee and Taffy Goh. Their professionalism and meticulous approach to explaining complex issues patiently and meticulously helped us defend our interests at trial, ultimately leading to a successful case. I must emphasize that IRB offers the most reasonable and fair fees of any law firm in Singapore I've consulted, while also providing the highest-quality service and advice. 👍👍👍 Thank you for meeting such a great team. 🙇‍♀️🙏

Anita Ibrahim

24th October 2025

I had a great experience having IRB Law to assist my sons in the inheritance matters . Mr Baiross and the teams assist me throughout the journey til everything goes smoothly . Mr Fadil too was very patient in addressing my concerns . He help me with all the doubts and explain well . Thank you 🙏

Nirwati Urib

24th October 2025

Ho, my lawyer is Aadil Bin Dafir. He has done his job well & very supportive & patience & answer all my queries. He explained well & detailed to make me more understand. Its a long wait but definitely went smoothly. Alhamdulillah & God blessed. Thank you again.. Rgds Nirwati Urib

Pickles Dee

22nd October 2025

I had the opportunity to work with one of the best teams for my divorce case. From the beginning Mr.Fadil would be the one answering to all my queries, i was given the opportunity to pay in instalments given my current condition which shows how much they value their customers . Mr Fadil had been giving me great advices and go through every detail and ensure i understand and when it comes to the syariah part Mr. Aidil has walk with me through each and every step till my talak was pronouced. It went smoothly and the team has great emphaty. So now the syariah bit is done im continuing with the IRB to continue with my HDB matters and also after all is done i will be making a will with IRB too. Thank you to the whole team and if im still continuing it shows how great this teams of lawyers from IRB is.Thank you so much

Amy Tan

22nd October 2025

LaIslabonita

26th September 2025

Words cannot fully express my gratitude for the positive outcome in the PPO case. My heartfelt thanks to my lawyer, Mr. Mohamed Fazal, for your dedication, professionalism, and the confident way you presented in court. I am also deeply grateful for your guidance and support throughout this journey. Special appreciation to Mr. Muhammad Aadil for leading the mention with such professionalism, and to Ms. Faisarah for expertly drafting the documents and handling the filing with timeliness. You are all truly remarkable, and I’m very grateful for the support of such an outstanding team. Thank you!

Xiaoy W

25th September 2025

I was particularly impressed by Crystal's professionalism and patience. She demonstrated a high level of expertise throughout the process. I feel very fortunate to have chosen IRB Law and consult with Crystal. I will definitely recommend Crystal to any of my friends who might have similar needs.

Faridah Omar

24th September 2025

Apabila seseorang mempunyai aset atau harta sebaiknya ada wasiat untuk ditinggalkan kepada insan-insan yang yg sayangi. Secara fitrah & agama islam juga ada undang-undang perihal harta. Maka disini saya kenal Encik Muhammad Aadil Bin Dafir seorang peguam syariah yang berpengalaman. Atas nasihat Encik Aadil saya dapat tahu hal-hal wasiat juga tentang pemegang amanah yg sepatutnya saya lantik. Penerangan Encik Aadil tentang hak saya, harta saya sangat jelas & tulus. Tiada apa-apa yang dirahsiakan tentang hal undang- undang juga tuntutan mengikut syariah islam. Saya berpuas hati dengan khidmat Encik Aadil. Walaupun harta saya tidak sebesar mana namun Encik Aadil tetap menjalankan tugasnya dengan bersunguh agar ianya berada dilandasan yang betul. Maka ingin usulkan pada sesiapa yg ingin tahu atau minta nasihat tentang wasiat mengikut landasan syariah hubungi Encik Muhammad Aadil Dafir dari IRB Law LLP. Teruskan memberi khidmat yg terbaik. Idah Faridah - Singapura

Lacheray Caroline

24th September 2025

Quick and easy communication on WhatsApp and good support for foreigners.

Anita Raj

21st September 2025

I had an excellent experience with Andrew. He was thorough in his approach and ensured things were carefully handled with professionalism and ease. We felt fully supported throughout the process and would not hesitate to recommend him.

Ramdzan Tasrif

19th September 2025

They are trustworthy and we believe in their ability to work. Their confidence gave us hope to put our trust in them to handle our case. Thank you IRB Law LLP.

Hermy Rosli

15th September 2025

Hi Mr. Fazal and Team, On behalf of my family, I would like to express our sincere appreciation for your support and guidance in the estate matter of my late father. From the first time I engaged IRB Law for my previous case to the recent estate case, your firm has consistently demonstrated professionalism, reliability, and dedication. Your clear advice and timely assistance have been invaluable, and we are deeply grateful for the care and attention you have shown. Thank you once again for your excellent service.

Riniyanti Adam

15th September 2025

I never regret hire Mr Aadil as my lawyer.He helps to fight my case in divorce and children custody.He is very firm and intelligent how to speak up to the Hakim. Overall the top lawyer I ever had. Thank you Mr Aadil for your hardwork. 👍

Mieyra Eiyqa

15th September 2025

From the start Muhammad Aadil bin Dafir been helping me alot with whatever needed throughout my Drivorce process. He explained and answered my question or needs clearly. He represented me well in my divorce case. Appreciate him so much and Team from I.R.B for everything. Alhamdullilah everything goes smoothly from start to end.

Suraya Selamat

13th September 2025

We first reached out on 1st September 2025 and, to our relief, everything was completed by 12th September 2025. Considering that we needed everything to be ready within a short time, the team handled the process with impressive efficiency and promptness. Fadil, in particular, stood out. He explained each step clearly, addressed our dad’s concerns with patience, and managed to balance professionalism with genuine empathy. That combination made us feel safe and reassured, knowing that our dad’s wishes were respected and understood. We truly appreciate how the team managed the whole process — not just with speed, but also with care and compassion. It gave us peace of mind during what could have been a very stressful time.

Shanizar

10th September 2025

Recently Muhammad Aadil Bin Dafir has been a very trustworthy lawyer that i can refer to in regards to my divorce case. He has been a great lawyer that address to all my concerns and queries along the divorce proceedings. I would strongly recommend those that is undergoing divorce to seek assistance from him. Thank you. All the the best in your career dil. Shanizar bin abdul majid.

ELAIN WONG

10th September 2025

I had a great experience with this law firm. They handled everything efficiently and kept me updated, so I never had to worry. Everyone I spoke to was very friendly and patient – I felt well taken care of from start to finish.

Nur Zuhairah

8th September 2025

I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to IRB Law LLP at the Mountbatten office for their clear and sincere service. The team was patient, detailed, and professional throughout the entire process. Everything was handled efficiently—even when I had to make last-minute changes, they managed it smoothly on the spot. Special thanks to Mr. Fadil and Mr. Dzuleqhmal for their guidance and support while preparing my will. I will definitely recommend IRB Law LLP to my friends and family if they ever need legal assistance. Thank you once again.

Jonathan Lum

6th September 2025

My grand aunt was served by Andrew Wong at Mountbatten Square for my will writing. The process was smooth, and he gave clear guidance from start to finish. I appreciated how Andrew stayed objective, clear, and efficient throughout. It was exactly what she needed — someone professional who could handle everything and give me peace of mind.

Shkn Shkr

4th September 2025

IRB have served me on 2 separate cases and I was engaged to Mr Fazal and his paralegal, Ms Faisarah. They both have served me well. Mr Fazal is a gentleman, kind, and helpful in rendering his assistance whenever I'm in doubt or in need. Thank you so much IRB for the 2 years of service with me. I truly appreciate it 🙂 Edited to add: I engaged IRB again in October 2024 for enforcement and fresh applicant for my children’s maintenance. But this time with another team. Mr Aidil, Ms Sharmeela, Fadil and Fatin has been a great help with the process. They’re friendly and they made the process less hassle for me. They even made sure I wasn’t stressed out with the case. I want to thank Mr Aidil who presented for me during the hearing at the court. I am deeply appreciative of your hard work and presentation. I will gladly recommend your services to others who may need legal assistance. Thank you once again IRB for your assistance!

Muhammad Hanafi Mat Nasir

3rd September 2025

I’m here to express my deepest gratitude for the exceptional legal services you guys have provided throughout my case..Your unwavering dedication, expertise, and strategic approach were instrumental in securing a favorable outcome for me although i think she don’t deserve it..🤪..I greatly appreciate your professionalism, guidance, and commitment to achieving the best possible result..Thank you for advocating on my behalf and for your tireless efforts in navigating through a complex legal process..Your exceptional skills and attention to detail did not go unnoticed, and I am truly grateful for everything you have done..I would not hesitate to recommend your services to anyone in need of outstanding legal representation..Thank you Mr Dzuleqhmal for your great response to the other party.. You did your homework well..I’m amazed by your debate with the other party..Thank you Mr Ahmad Ghazi, Ms Fatin & Mr Patrick for taking notes on my case..Thank you once again for your outstanding work..Alhamdulilah all went well..

Mohamad Sharif

3rd September 2025

I just want to take a moment to truly thank Mr Aadil, of IRB Law LLP (Westgate office).. not just as my lawyer, but as someone who stood by me during one of the most difficult chapters of my life. From day one, you didn’t just treat my case like work — you treated it with care, empathy, and a genuine commitment to seeing the truth come through. I’ll never forget how calmly you handled everything, even when things felt overwhelming for me. Your clarity, patience, and tireless efforts made a world of difference, not just in the outcome of the case, but in how I was going throuh it. You fought for me and you believed in me when I was struggling and at the lowest point in my life. That kind of support goes far beyond legal representation — it’s something I’ll always be grateful for. Thank you for your understanding, your support, your since doas and most of all, your dedication. I truly cannot thank you enough. Sharif Mohd Saleh.

Darren Brunton

2nd September 2025

Thank you for the excellent support and service. From my first meeting with Baiross to the continued support and advice by Crystal over a 12 month period and to achieve a excellent result I would recommend IRB Law and Crystal to anyone looking for a legal advisory and support 🙏🏼👍🙏🏼

Cbelle Chan

2nd September 2025

I’ve engaged Danny for my case and he is very understanding, full of knowledge, accommodating to all my needs. He have always been giving me lots of assurance and support through the period. He’s an amazing person by heart! Thank you Danny.

Jayna Khoo

1st September 2025

Mr. Aziz was patient and clear in explaining the legal procedures to me and my aunt, making what initially felt like a daunting and overwhelming process much more manageable. He took the time to answer our questions thoroughly, provided timely updates at every stage, and ensured that all documents were carefully prepared and submitted. What stood out most was his empathy and understanding of our situation. He was not only efficient and knowledgeable, but also approachable and kind, which gave us confidence and peace of mind during a difficult time for our family. Thanks to his dedication, the entire process was handled smoothly and without unnecessary delays. I would highly recommend Mr. Aziz to anyone in need of legal assistance for estate matters. He is a lawyer who genuinely looks after his clients’ best interests and delivers excellent service.

yang liu

1st September 2025

Found on Google. Rani is very patient and responsive in explaining PoA terms. Professional team with excellent execution - my PoA was endorsed next day as in an urgent time. Very reasonable pricing. Much appreciated.

Jenny Sin

30th August 2025

I would like to sincerely thank Mr. Mohamed Baiross and his law firm. At a time when we were feeling extremely helpless and urgently needed assistance, he was willing to step in and offer help, even during the weekend. His entire team was also incredibly cooperative and supportive throughout the process, making everything much smoother and reassuring. This clearly shows that his firm is not just about business, but is genuinely committed to helping people in need. It gave us comfort and hope at a very critical moment, and we are truly grateful for their sincerity, dedication, and teamwork. Thanks you🙏🏻

S Toh

26th August 2025

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr Baiross, Mr Basheer and Team IRB who handled my case with a positive outcome that was beyond my expectations. Mr Baiross and Mr Basheer provided me with detailed sound legal analysis, offered the available options, recommended the actions I needed to take to strengthen my case and strategized the approach taken. They were always patient in explaining the legal jargons to me so that I can make informed decisions. IRB's charges were also highly competitive and they often graciously go the extra mile. IRB indeed lives up to be a Singapore's Best Law Firm, and I highly recommend them to anyone in need of legal advice.

Nour Ain

26th August 2025

Going through a divorce was one of the most difficult chapters in my life, but working with both Mr Mohamed Fazal & Ms Faisarah(Paralegal) made the process far less stressful. They were incredibly professional, always responsive to my questions, and guided me with clarity and compassion. I appreciated how they balanced assertiveness with empathy, helping me reach a fair settlement without unnecessary conflict. I am deeply grateful for their efforts and integrity. May Allah bless them both in this world and the hereafter for the kindness and dedication they showed me. I wholeheatedly recommend Mr Mohamed Fazal Bin Abdul Hamid to anyone in need of a trustworthy and skilled divorce lawyer. Sincerely, Nour🙏

Zakariah Kasbani

21st August 2025

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to Mr. Dzuleqhmal and Mr. Aidil for the support and professionalism. Your expertise and attention to detail, and to achieving the best possible outcome have been truly appreciated.

Sakthi Vel

20th August 2025

I engaged IRB Law to assist with legal proceedings to obtain a letter of authorisation for my late aunt’s assets, and I could not have asked for a better experience. The lead lawyer, Mr. Baisross, handled the matter with professionalism, clarity, and efficiency. I would like to give special mention to Ms. Thevi, the paralegal, who truly went above and beyond. She personally travelled to my home to obtain signatures from my mother, who has difficulty mobilising. Her kindness, patience, and dedication really stood out. The entire team was very prompt in providing updates and answering queries, and their fees were transparent and affordable. Importantly, they had a Tamil-speaking team, which made a world of difference as my mum is not comfortable with English. The way they patiently explained everything in Tamil gave my family great peace of mind. Thank you to Mr. Baisross, Ms. Thevi, and the IRB Law team for making what could have been a stressful process smooth and reassuring. Highly recommended!

Daylan

20th August 2025

Very thankful to the team at IRB Law LLP Mountbatten. The whole process was handled professionally and efficiently, with reasonable and transparent fees. They were attentive, supportive, and provided practical advice that made everything go smoothly. Highly recommended!

Lynna Ismail (b4yBi3)

19th August 2025

Alhamdulillah....im Very happy with my lawyer Mr Dzuleqhmal and his paralegal team, Mr Fadil and Ms Fatin. They have done a very great job. Im very impressed. Thank you so much to all of you. 🙏

Aertsa L

15th August 2025

Engaged in Andrew Wong’s service for will and LPA. Everything was smooth , and he was friendly and easy to talk to. Really appreciate his help with providing advice along the way. 🙂 he even went the extra mile to help with a request for a past document. Will engage in his service again in future. Thank you.

Maki Lim

15th August 2025

Had a really nice experience with Andrew Wong who was patient in explaining the process for my Will + LPA. Really appreciate how sincere and helpful the team are at IRB since I last engaged their services in 2021 for a divorce. Will come back again for your legal assistance in future, thank you IRB Law team

Hamran Haron

14th August 2025

Very experience lawyer handling my case.gave me a understanding and good advice..focus in their work.easily communicate

Nurfamaliah Shahirah

13th August 2025

Today is the day i walk out of the court smiling, a break free from a toxic marriage. I was worried if there's any postpone & delays again but Mr Dzuleqhmal was very clear and direct with his work, everything ends smoothly. Ms zan was there whom i feel comfortable with & open up to. I highly recommend anyone to reach out to them! They are very understanding and straightforward. A new beginning for me, this means alot to me, thanks to you all too Mr Aidil, Ms Shameela, Mr Ghazi, Mr fadil, Ms Fatin, Ms syarah, Ms Norlina as well who did things for me directly or indirectly. ❤️

c c

12th August 2025

My experience with IRB has been very positive overall. Ms. Crystal Lum provided detailed, clear explanations and helpful suggestions for my case. It was resolved quickly and satisfactorily, without unnecessary complications. I would highly recommend IRB.

Marc Reyes

9th August 2025

IRB Advocates is an excellent team of professionals with a genuine mission to help people. From the start, they impressed me by offering a free consultation and scheduling it within an hour of my first contact. Communication was immediate, and I felt taken care of right away. Before the consultation, they asked me to send all relevant documents, which they studied thoroughly. During the online video call, they reviewed my case in detail, explained the contract points clearly, and advised on what could be challenged. They provided valuable, well-reasoned insights that made me feel confident and secure, all within the free consultation. After the session, they shared a full transcript, a clear action plan, and transparent, competitive pricing — without any pressure to proceed. In my case, I didn’t need to hire their services because the matter was resolved amicably beforehand. However, their guidance gave me the legal confidence to negotiate directly and successfully. If I ever face another legal issue (hopefully not!), I would not hesitate to work with IRB Advocates again. Their professionalism, speed, and genuine care set them apart.

Amy Chan

5th August 2025

I engaged Mr Andrew Wong. He is quick, knowledgeable, and caring. He gave excellent advice. I would definitely recommend him. THUMBS UP

Beng Geok Yeo

1st August 2025

I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the excellent legal services by IRB legal especially Andrew Wong. He is responsive and patient in explaining complex matters . I felt confident and well supported every step of the way. Thanks Andrew for his professionalism and well delicated services Greatly appreciated

Areas of focus

General adoption guidance
Procedural aspects of adoption
Legal implications in adoption
Unmarried expectant couples
Expectant single mothers
Adopting partners child

WhatsApp:

+65 6980 7814

Why Choose IRB Law for Civil Litigation in Singapore

Effective Dispute Resolution

Our legal team is highly proficient in alternative dispute resolution in Singapore, including negotiations, the strategic use of letters of demand, as well as mediation and arbitration, to settle disputes before court action.

Strategic Guidance

At IRB Law, our lawyers are experts in civil law, legal precedents, and court procedures in Singapore. Engaging our civil litigation lawyers helps protect your civil rights and explore all legal avenues for the most favourable possible outcome.

Effective Representation

When you work with the IRB Law civil litigation and dispute resolution team, you can rest assured that your case will receive the strongest representation in court.

Meet Some of the Adoption Lawyers at IRB

Mohamed Baiross

Founding & Managing Partner, IRB Law LLP

Mohamed Baiross is the managing partner of IRB Law and one of the nation's leading lawyers in multiple practice areas, including civil, corporate, and commercial law. With over three decades of experience as a business lawyer, Mohamed Baiross has built a renowned corporate law firm in Singapore, providing expert legal services to global corporations and local businesses.

See profile

Kulvinder Kaur

Partner

Kulvinder Kaur is a prominent commercial and corporate lawyer and an expert in litigation matters. Kaur is well-known in all courts of Singapore for strong legal representation in the most complex cases across multiple practice areas.

See profile

See Full Team

FAQs

How long does the adoption process typically take?

The adoption process in Singapore usually takes an average of 4 to 6 months to be concluded, but the timeline can vary depending on individual circumstances and the complexity of cases.

Can a single person adopt a child in Singapore?

Yes, single individuals are eligible to adopt a child in Singapore, provided they meet the other eligibility requirements and can demonstrate their ability to provide a nurturing and stable environment for the child.

Are there any restrictions on adopting a child of a different race or ethnicity?

There are no specific restrictions on adopting a child of a different race or ethnicity in Singapore. The primary consideration is the well-being and best interests of the child.

What happens if one of the biological parents does not consent to the adoption?

Consent from relevant parties, including the child’s parents, is typically required for adoption. If one of the biological parents does not consent, the court will consider the specific circumstances of each case. In some instances, the court may dispense with the need for consent if doing so is in the child’s best interests.

Can I adopt a child if I already have biological children?

Yes, it is possible to adopt a child even if you have biological children. The suitability of the adoptive family is assessed based on various factors, including the ability to provide a loving and supportive environment for the child.

Do I need to be married to adopt a child?

No, you do not need to be married to adopt a child. Single individuals can adopt in Singapore, but they must meet the other eligibility requirements and demonstrate their ability to provide for the child’s needs.

What is the role of the Guardian-In-Adoption during the process?

A Guardian-In-Adoption (GIA) is appointed by the court to safeguard the child’s interests throughout the adoption process. The GIA ensures that the child’s welfare is protected and may conduct interviews and home visits as part of their responsibilities.

Are there any financial obligations involved in the adoption process?

While there are costs associated with the adoption process, such as legal fees and administrative expenses, the Adoption of Children Act prohibits the payment of money to the child’s birth parents in exchange for their consent to the adoption.

What are the rights and responsibilities of adoptive parents?

Adoptive parents assume all rights, duties, obligations, and liabilities of biological parents upon the granting of the adoption order. They are responsible for the child’s well-being, upbringing, education, and financial support.

Can I choose the gender of the child I want to adopt?

In Singapore, the adoption process prioritizes the best interests of the child. While preferences can be expressed, the final decision is made based on the child’s welfare and suitability of the adoptive family.

How can I prove that I am financially capable of supporting a child?

As part of the adoption process, adoptive parents may be required to provide financial documents or statements to demonstrate their ability to provide for the child’s needs. This can include income statements, bank statements, and employment records.

What are the common reasons for adoption applications to be rejected?

Adoption applications can be rejected for various reasons, such as failure to meet eligibility requirements, insufficient evidence of suitability to adopt, or concerns regarding the child’s welfare. It is important to seek legal advice to understand and address any potential issues.

Can I adopt a child from overseas?

Yes, it is possible to adopt a child from overseas. However, international adoption involves additional legal requirements, including compliance with the laws of both the child’s home country and Singapore.

What is the difference between open and closed adoption?

In an open adoption, there is ongoing contact and communication between the adoptive family, the adopted child, and the biological parents or birth family. In a closed adoption, there is no contact or communication between the adoptive family and the biological parents or birth family.

Can a same-sex couple adopt a child in Singapore?

Same-sex couples are not legally recognized as adoptive parents in Singapore. However, as individual circumstances and legal developments may impact this, it is advisable to seek legal advice for specific situations.

Is it possible to adopt a child who is older than 21 years?

No, the Adoption of Children Act in Singapore only applies to children who are below 21 years of age. Once a child reaches the age of 21, adoption is no longer applicable.

Are there any post-adoption support services available?

Yes, there are post-adoption support services available in Singapore. These services aim to provide guidance, counselling, and resources to adoptive families, ensuring a smooth transition and ongoing support for the child’s well-being.

Can I change the name of the adopted child?

Upon the granting of an adoption order, the adoptive parents have the right to change the child’s name. This is typically done to reflect the child’s new legal status as part of the adoptive family.

What happens if the child’s biological parents want to regain custody?

Once an adoption order is granted, the child’s legal ties with the biological parents are severed. The biological parents generally do not have automatic rights to regain custody. However, exceptional circumstances may be considered by the court on a case-by-case basis.

How can IRB Law Adoption Lawyers assist me throughout the adoption process?

IRB Law adoption lawyers provide comprehensive legal assistance and guidance throughout the adoption process. Our experienced lawyers can help you understand the requirements and navigate legal complexities, ensuring that your adoption journey is handled with care and professionalism. We offer personalized support to meet your specific needs and advocate for the best interests of the child involved. Contact us today for a free initial consultation and to discuss how we can assist you.