Criminal Defences under Penal Code in Singapore

Criminal Defences under Penal Code in Singapore

General Overview The prosecution must show every element of the alleged criminal offence beyond a reasonable doubt to establish that the accused person has committed it. The accused does not have to prove his innocence, albeit statutory presumption might reverse the...
Cyber-Flashing and Related Offences

Cyber-Flashing and Related Offences

General Overview Cyber-flashing is the deliberate transmission of unwanted material that may be considered indecent. These may contain images of one’s genitalia, pornography, or other material that may elicit sentiments of disgust in the receiver. In certain...
Cheating under Penal Code 1871

Cheating under Penal Code 1871

General Overview Paying a lump sum amount to a person only to later realize that the person was not who they said they were might not strain one’s bank account but it might cause damage to one’s mental state and/or reputation. Even if the amount paid, being deceived,...
Offences Concerning Competency Test Certificates for PABs

Offences Concerning Competency Test Certificates for PABs

Introduction As part of proposed amendments to the Road Traffic Act (RTA) introduced in Parliament, power-assisted bicycle (PAB) riders will be required to pass a theory test covering road safety before being allowed on the roads. The theory test that power-assisted...
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